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National Monument
In Dam Square you’ll find the National Monument, a cenotaph raised in 1956 to honor the Netherlands’ war casualties and later conflicts. The monument stands as a centerpiece of reconstruction-period architecture, designed through a collaboration between architect J. J. P. Oud and sculptor John Rädecker, with Rädecker’s family completing the project after his passing. It was officially revealed on May 4, 1956, by Queen Juliana, marking the annual Remembrance of the Dead ceremony held here each year on 4 May. Dam Square itself is the heart of Amsterdam’s historic center, where a prior national monument once stood—the Ten Days’ Campaign memorial—before the postwar commemorative project took shape. Early plans mixed a temporary 1947 monument, featuring 11 urns containing soil from Dutch provinces’ World War II execution grounds and cemeteries, with a later addition bringing in soil from the Dutch East Indies. …
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