Alexanderplatz
In Alexanderplatz once stood a hospital called Heiliger Georg (St. George), operating in the 13th century and giving its name to the nearby Georgentor (George Gate) in Berlin’s city wall. By the 16th century, the gate had become the city’s key entrance for goods coming from the north and north-east—routes tied to places such as Oderberg, Prenzlau, and Bernau. After the Thirty Years’ War, Berlin strengthened its defenses. From 1658 to 1683, a citywide fortress was built to plans by Johann Gregor Memhardt, with 13 bastions connected by ramparts, and a moat that stretched up to 50 metres (160 ft) wide. The modern square and the larger area take their name from Russian Tsar Alexander I. Today, Alexanderplatz is a major public square and transport hub, reputedly the most visited area in Berlin, and it anchors central attractions nearby, including the Fernsehturm, the Nikolai Quarter, and Rotes Rathaus.
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