Zamek Wawel
At Wawel, history is stacked in layers: a royal residence on a limestone outcrop above the Vistula River that has been both Poland’s political symbol and its most influential art platform. The Wawel Royal Castle—*Zamek Królewski na Wawelu*—was first established on the orders of King Casimir III the Great, and the fortified complex rises to about 228 metres (748 ft) above sea level. The stone nucleus of the site can be traced back to 970 CE, and the current castle dates from the 14th century, later expanded into a courtyard-centered Renaissance complex. Architect Francesco Fiorentino is closely associated with the Renaissance transformation of the castle. In the 14th-century Wawel Cathedral, Polish monarchs were both crowned and buried, tying the court to the nation’s ritual memory. In 1978, Wawel became the first World Heritage Site designated as part of the Historic Centre of Kraków. …
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