São Jorge Castle
Castelo de São Jorge, or São Jorge Castle, rises above Lisbon as one of the city’s longest-used strategic sites. Human occupation on this hill goes back to at least the 8th century BC, and the oldest fortifications date to the 2nd century BC, after earlier Roman classification of Lisbon in 48 BC. Over time, the same heights were held in succession by Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, and Moors, with archaeological evidence showing the fortifications’ Berber-built phase in the 10th century and the defensive walls known as the Cerca Moura. The turning point comes in 1147: in the Siege of Lisbon during the Second Crusade, Afonso Henriques and northern European knights took the castle and freed both Lisbon and the fortress from Moorish rule—an unusually clear success within an otherwise failed crusade. …
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