Parque Florestal de Monsanto
Monsanto Forest Park—Parque Florestal de Monsanto—is Lisbon’s largest municipal green patch, nearly 1,000 hectares (about 10 square kilometres). This is not just a refuge from the city: it also holds an engineered ecosystem. During the reforesting period, many tree species were introduced in the Monsanto Hills, Serra de Monsanto, and the mix of local climate and geology helped them form a woodland community inside the urban area. The park’s protection is closely tied to the 20th century. Its regulations were put in place in 1934, reviving an earlier idea from 1868 to reforest a largely bare Serra de Monsanto, damaged by erosion after intensive agriculture. Replanting work was carried out by farmers and prisoners from Monsanto Fort. Within the forest park lies the Ecological Park of Lisbon, with a 4-kilometre perimeter and a total area of 50 hectares—16 fenced and 34 non-fenced—stretching along the Serra de Monsanto. …
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