Tate Britain
Tate Britain begins as an institution of collecting, not just an art museum: it was founded by Sir Henry Tate and became, in 1897, the National Gallery of British Art on Millbank. Construction began in 1893 and the gallery opened on 21 July 1897—though it was commonly called the Tate Gallery from the start. In 1932, that name was made official, and in March 2000 the building adopted the title Tate Britain when Tate Modern opened and moved the modern collections. This gallery’s location matters too. It was built on the site of the former Millbank Prison, turning a penal landscape into a public space for national art, including major holdings of J. M. W. Turner’s work—made possible by his bequest of his own collection to the nation. The Tate Britain building’s front was designed by Sidney R. J. Smith, while the central sculpture gallery was designed by John Russell Pope. Today, only a memorial marks this spot.
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