Royal Palace
The Palais-Royal began as a residence for Cardinal Richelieu, originally called the Palais-Cardinal. Architect Jacques Lemercier began the design in 1629, with construction starting in 1633 and finishing in 1639—an early step toward the grand, centralized court culture France would come to know. Richelieu later bequeathed the palace to Louis XIII, and it shifted again when Louis XIV gave it to his younger brother, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans. Over the following decades, successive Dukes of Orléans carried out extensive alterations, so that almost nothing remains of Lemercier’s original design. Today, this former royal palace is not only a public landscape—through the Jardin du Palais-Royal, which serves as a park with an arcade of shops—but also a working seat of government: it houses the Ministry of Culture, the Conseil d’État, and the Constitutional Council. …
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