Leaning Tower of Pisa

In Leaning Tower of Pisa once stood the campanile of Pisa Cathedral, a freestanding bell tower in the Piazza del Duomo. Beginning construction in 1173, the tower’s foundation proved unstable, and by the 14th century the tilt had already worsened as the structure rose to a height of about 55.86 metres on the low side and 56.67 metres on the high side. The tower’s lean worsened over the centuries, reaching roughly 5.5 degrees by 1990, before remedial work from 1993 to 2001 stabilized it to about 3.97 degrees. The tower is linked with the other great buildings of Pisa’s Cathedral Square—the cathedral itself and the Baptistry—forming a triad of Romanesque monuments in a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The identity of its architect is disputed, with names like Bonanno Pisano and Diotisalvi proposed by scholars, though no consensus exists. …

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