
Colosseum
You’re looking at the Colosseum—Italian Colosseo—the elliptical amphitheatre just east of the Roman Forum. Construction begins in 72 AD under Emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79), and it’s completed in AD 80 under his successor Titus (r. 79–81). Later, Domitian (r. 81–96) carries out additional modifications, and the whole project takes on the name Anfiteatro Flavio—the Flavian Amphitheatre—from the emperors’ family, the Flavians. In its own time, it’s built of travertine limestone, tuff, and brick-faced Roman concrete, and it could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators, with an average audience around 65,000. Gladiatorial contests and public spectacles run the show—animal hunts, executions, reenactments, dramas from Roman mythology, and even brief mock sea battles. And here’s a fun modern twist: the Colosseum appears on the Italian 5 euro cent coin, which is a pretty direct line from imperial crowd-control to everyday pocket change.
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