Volksoper
The Volksoper—Vienna’s “People’s Opera”—opened in 1898, built as the Kaiserjubiläum-Stadttheater, the Kaiser’s Jubilee Civic Theatre. Because it took only ten months to construct, the first director, Adam Müller-Gutenbrunn, started with debts of 160,000 florins, and the theatre had to declare bankruptcy in 1903. That year marked a change of purpose: on 1 September 1903, Rainer Simons took over and renamed the house the Kaiserjubiläum-Stadttheater – Volksoper, aiming to add opera and operetta to its original play program. The Volksoper’s early musical reach was quickly international—Vienna’s first performances of Puccini’s *Tosca* and Strauss’s *Salome* arrived there in 1907 and 1910. By the interwar years, it had become Vienna’s second prestige opera house, with Felix Weingartner appointed artistic director in 1919. …
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