Sforza Castle
In Sforza Castle—Castello Sforzesco in Italian—Milan once held one of its most forceful symbols of power. The first construction began when Galeazzo II Visconti ordered the work in 1358, continuing to around c. 1370, when it was known as Castello di Porta Giova after a nearby gate. Over time, his successors enlarged it until it became a square-plan citadel with 200-metre-long sides, four corner towers, and up to 7-metre-thick walls. In 1447, the fortress was destroyed by the short-lived Golden Ambrosian Republic, which had ousted the Visconti lords. After Francesco Sforza shattered the republicans, he began reconstruction in 1450 and, in 1452, hired Filarete to design and decorate the central tower—still called the Torre del Filarete. Construction continued under Galeazzo Maria and architect Benedetto Ferrini, and the castle became one of Europe’s largest citadels in the 16th and 17th centuries. …
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